To answer Arun's primary query, you are right! There are two measures on what really happens in public revenue (read, government money). One, how much of every rupee that you earn, you pay to the government? Second, how many times this one rupee changes hands in a year. That is, I earn one rupee and I pay a part of it to the government. Today, we pay the government in multiple ways. One of them is tax and then there is another part which we call as a non tax revenue to the government. First, of course is the tax revenue which is primarily the Income tax and GST among many others. This together would vary from 20% to 50% depending upon your income. If you are on the max tax bracket of IT, you will end up paying around 50% of your 1 rupee on an average. Non-tax revenue are things like mining rights, tree cutting rights, bandwidth rights, etc., These are indirectly collected from every one of us. Apart from this, Provident Fund (24%) is also a major source of revenue to the government. You will pay another 25% approx to the government under this category. You pay this whether you are rich or poor. That means, for every rupee that you earn and spend, you pay to the government 50 to 75% or 50 paise to 75 paise to the government kitty. Every time you use your cell phone, for instance, you are paying bandwidth charges apart from GST that appears on the bill. Even if you buy a pencil for your kid, you are paying charges for tree cutting rights, mining rights for the core that goes into it! Every product you see, has this non-tax component in it! Essentially, it means that every time some one earns one rupee, the government gets about 50 to 75 paise or we can average it to 62 paise for ease of understanding. The second measure is how many times this one rupee changes hands. This is called the speed of money. That is in a very vibrant economy, a growing one or a grown one, money changes hands at least 50 times in a year. Minimum change of hand measured is about 12 times in very slow economies. We will take the slowest for our consideration. That is, one rupee that you earn, you use to buy something from someone and that someone pays to another who pays to another and so on. This we are taking the minimum measure of 12 in a year, though it is a very slow economy which we are not really. This means that every rupee that is earned by you is actually changing hands 12 times in a year and the government gets 62 paise out of it every time. Or in other words, government makes Rs.7.44 from every rupee they have minted or deemed to have minted (electronic currency).
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